E. D. Nikitin1, E. B. Skvortsova2,*, E. P. Sabodina1
1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, Moscow, 119991 Russia
2V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 119017 Russia
The interpretation of soils as multifunctional objects of natural and cultural heritage is stipulated. The soils are also considered as the bank of biodiversity and information about the evolution of natural environment and dynamics of ecosystems. The necessity of giving the status of specially protected sites to the objects from The Red Book of Soils is shown. Theoretical, scientific and research, organization and practical issues of soil preservation as an object of natural and cultural heritage were determined. The effective preservation of natural resources is characterized as a system of closely related in place, local, regional and global measures. Three basic correlated to each other and equal ways of nature preservation and soils recultivation will be used in a framework of the presented system: 1) the preservation from the factors of destruction and degradation; 2) the rational use of soil and natural resources; 3) the recultivation of soils and nature, compensating the anthropogenic degradation of natural zones. The necessity of manifestation of recovering zonal specificities, for the territories withdrawn from agricultural use is shown. This is actual for the purposes of soil preservation.
Keywords: soil preservation, ecological functions of soils, biodiversity, The Red Book of Soils, biosphere, pedosphere
DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2017-88-138-158
Citation: Nikitin E.D., Skvortsova E.B., Sabodina E.P. The soils as the natural cultural heritage, the bank of biodiversity and information, Byulleten Pochvennogo instituta im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 2017, Vol. 88, pp. 139-159. doi: 10.19047/0136-1694-2017-88-138-158
Никитин Е.Д., Скворцова Е.Б., Сабодина Е.П. Почвы как природно-культурное наследие, банк биоразнообразия и информации // Бюл. Почв. ин-та им. В.В. Докучаева. 2017. Вып. 88. С. 139-159. doi: 10.19047/0136-1694-2017-88-138-158
REFERENCES
1. Aleksandrova A.B., Berezhnov N.A., Grigorjan B.R., Ivanov D.V., Kulagina V.I. The Red Book of the Republic of Tatarstan soil, Kazan': Foliant Publ., 2011, 192 p. (in Russian)
2. Aparin B.F., Kasatkina G.A., Matinjan N.M., Suhacheva E.Ju. Red Data Book of the Leningrad region soils, St. Petersburg, Ajeroplan Publ., 2007, 320 p. (in Russian)
3. Atlas soil Komi republic, Syktyvkar, 2010. 356 p. (in Russian)
4. Bobrov A.A., Gongal'skij K.B., Zajcev A.S. Soil as habitat of animals, In: Soil's role in the formation and preservation of biological diversity, Moscow, 2011, pp. 156–190. (in Russian)
5. Vanchurov I.A. A new stage in the protection of nature and soil // Pochvovedenie, 2011, No. 1, pp. 117–118. (in Russian)
6. Vernadskij V.I. The chemical structure of the Earth's biosphere and its environment, Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1987. 339 p. (in Russian)
7. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Geography, Moscow, Sovetskaja jenciklopedija Publ., 1988. 442 p. (in Russian)
8. Gerasimova M.I., Bogdanova M.D., Nikitin E.D. Geographic and pedogenetic aspects of the Red book of russian soils, Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin, Issue 2, pp. 49-54, doi: 10.3103/S0147687414020045
9. Dobrovol'skij G.V., Karpachevskij L.O., Kriksunov E.A. Geosphere and pedosphere, Moscow, GEOS Publ., 2010, 190 p. (in Russian)
10. Dobrovol'skij G.V., Nikitin E.D. Jekologija pochv. The doctrine of the ecological functions of soil, Moscow, Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta Publ., 2012, 415 p. (in Russian)
11. Zvjagincev D.G. Soil microorganisms, Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2012, 415 p. (in Russian)
12. Eremchenko O.Z., Fil'kin T.G., Shestakov I.E. Rare and endangered soils of the Perm region, Perm', 2010, 93 p. (in Russian)
13. Karpachevskij L.A., Zubkova T.A., N. Kovaleva N.O. et al. The soil in the modern world. Experience popular exposition of modern soil science issues. Majkop: OAO Poligraf-Jug Publ., 2008, 164 p. (in Russian)
14. Kliment'ev A.I., Chibilev A.A., Blohin E.V., Groshev I.V. The Red Book of Soils of Orenburg region, Ekaterinburg: Uro RAN Publ., 2001, 295 p. (in Russian)
15. Krasnaja kniga pochv Rossii, (Eds.) Dobrovol'skogo G.V., Nikitina E.D, Moscow, MAKS-Press Publ., 2009, 575 p. (in Russian)
16. Kretinin V.M., Bragin V.V., Kulik K.N., Shishkunov V.M. Rare and endangered soils natural parks of the Volgograd region, Volgograd: Izd-vo VolGU Publ., 2006, 144 p. (in Russian)
17. Krjuchkov V.V. North on the brink of the millennium, Moscow, Mysl' Publ., 1986, 230 p. (in Russian)
18. Mil'kov F.N. General geography, Moscow, Vyssh. shk. Publ., 1990, 335 p.
19. Mukatanov A.H. Inventory of valuable objects (standards) soils of Bashkortostan republic, Ufa, Gilem Publ., 2003, 30 p. (in Russian)
20. Nikitin E.D. The life and future of soil, Moscow, Znanie Publ., 1979, 48 p.
21. Nikitin E.D. Functional and dynamic soil science and geography, Moscow, MAKS-Press Publ., 2013, 575 p. (in Russian)
22. The memory of soil: soil as a memory-Geosphere-Biosphere Interactions antroposfernyh, (Eds.) Targul'jana V.O., Gorjachkina S.V, Moscow, Izd-vo LKI Publ., 2008, 692 pp. (in Russian)
23. Soil reserves and national parks in the Russian Federation, Moscow, 2011.
24. The soil's role in the formation and preservation of biological diversity, Moscow, Tovarishhestvo nauch. izd. Publ., 2011. 275 p. (in Russian)
25. Sabodina E.P., Nikitin E.D., Kochergin A.N., Shoba S.A. The development of environmental movements, Moscow, MAKS-Press Publ., 2008, 275 p. (in Russian)
26. Samcova T.M. General geography, Moscow, Akademija Publ., 2008, 416 p. (in Russian)
27. Skvorcova E.B. Pore space as a medium soil memory, In: Memory soil: soil as a memory-Geosphere-Biosphere antroposfernyh interactions, Moscow, Izd-vo LKI Publ., 2008, pp. 438–465. (in Russian)
28. Solovichenko V.D., Lukin S.V., Liseckij F.N., Goleusov P.V. The Red Book of soils of the Belgorod region, Belgorod: Izd-vo BelGU Publ., 2007, 190 p. (in Russian)
29. Structural and functional role of soils and soil biota in the biosphere, Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2003, 365 p. (in Russian)
30. Tashkinova L.N. The Red Book of Kalmykia soils and ecosystems, Elista, 2000, 250 p. (in Russian)
31. Trofimov V.T., Zilling D.G., Averkina T.I. et al. The theory and methodology of environmental geology, Moscow, Mosk. un-ta Publ., 1997. 365 p. (in Russian)
32. Chernov I.Ju., Bobrov A.A. Obshhie voprosy bioraznoobrazija pochv, In: role in the formation and preservation of diversity is biologicalsky, Moscow, Tovarishhestvo nauch. izd. Publ., 2011. pp. 16–21. (in Russian)
33. Chernov I.Ju., Dobrovol'skaja T.G., Lysak L.V. General soil biodiversity issues In: Soil's role in the formation and preservation of biological diversity, Moscow, Tovarishhestvo nauch. izd. Publ., 2011, pp. 22–85. (in Russian)
34. Chernova O.V. Soil conservation in protected areas as a prerequisite for maintaining the biodiversity of soil. In: Role in the formation and preservation of biological diversity, Moscow, Tovarishhestvo nauch. izd. Publ., 2011, pp. 237–244. (in Russian)
35. Shilov I.A. Ecology, Moscow, Vysshaja shkola Publ., 2000. 512 p. (in Russian)
36. Jasamanov N.A. Basics of Geoecology, Moscow, Izdatel'skij centr “Akademija” Publ., 2003. 352 p. (in Russian)
37. Amundson R., Guo Y., Gong P. Soil diversity and land use in the United States // Ecosystems. 2003. Т. 6. №. 5. С. 470–482.
38. Bockheim J.G., Gennadiev A.N. Soil-factorial models and earth-system science: a review, Geoderma, 2010, V. 159, pp. 243–251.
39. Bullock P., Marphy C.P. Towards the quantification of soil structure, J. Microsc, 1980, V. 120, pp. 317–328.
40. Drohan P.J., Farnham T.J. Protecting life's foundation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 2006, V. 70(6), pp. 2086–2096.
41. Ibáñez J.J. et al. Preservation of European soils: natural and cultural heritage, The Soils of Tomorrow. Adv. Geoecol., 2008, V. 39, pp. 37–59.
42. Horner-Devine M.C., Carney K.M., Bohannan J.M. An ecological perspective on bacterial biodiversity, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., 2004, V. 271, pp. 113–122.
43. Hyams E. Soil and Civilization, London, New York: Thames and Hudson, 1952, 312 p.
44. Fierer N., Breddford M.A., Jackson R.B. Towards an ecological classification of soil bacteria, Ecology, 2007, V. 88 (6), pp. 626–631.
45. Nannipier P., Ascher J., Ceccherini M.T., Landi L., Pietramellara G., Renella G. Microbial diversity and soil functions, European J. Soil Sci., 2003, V. 54, pp. 655–670.
46. Nikitin E.D. Life basis of the Earth: soil Russia civilization, Moscow, МАКS-Press, 2010, 195 p.
47. Nikitin E.D. Soil as bio-abiotic polyfunctional system, Eurasian Soil Science. 2001, V. 34 (Suppl. 1), P. 6–12.
48. Lo Papa G., Palermo V., Dazzi C. The “genetic erosion” of the soil ecosystem, Int. Soil Water Conservation Res., 2013, V. 1 (1), С. 11–18.
49. Shangguan W. et al. Soil Diversity as affected by land use in China: Consequences for Soil Protection, The Scientific World J., 2014, V. 2014.
50. Staley J.T., Gosink J.I. Poles apart: biodiversity and biogeography of sea ice bacteria, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 1999, V. 53, pp. 189–215.
51. Starmer W.T., Lachance M.A., Phaff H.J., Heed W.B. The biogeography of yeasts associated with decoying castus tissue in North America, the Caribbean and Northern Venezuela, Evol. Biol., 1990, V. 24, pp. 253–295.
52. Zvyagintsev D.G. Microorganisms in Permafrost, Ecological Microbiology. Harwood Acad. Publ., GmbH Part 2, 1995, pp. 1–37.
