THE IMPACT OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE MICROBIAL BIOMASS DURING THE SOIL SAMPLES STORAGE
D. A. Nikitin1,2,*, T. I. Chernov1, A. K. Tkhakakhova1, M. V. Semenov1, N. A. Bgazhba1,2, A. D. Zhelezova1,2, O. E. Marfenina2, O. V. Kutovaya1
1V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Russia, 119017, Moscow, Pyzhevskii per. 7-2
2Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1
The assessment of the microbial biomass structure in the soil samples from A and C horizons, stored at the temperature of +5 and –70°С was conducted by a luminescence method. For the samples from the humus layer a significant decrease of biomass during the cryostorage was revealed. However, in the sample from the mineral layer at the same storage conditions such a decrease occurred in a lesser degree. The decrease of fungi mycelium length was observed in the sample, which was stored at the temperature –70°С. Also, the decrease of the number of fungi spores with large diameter (d > 5 mkm) and the absence of the largest spores (d > 7 mkm) was observed. The mycelium length of the pure culture of Cadophora novi-eboraci fungi was a bit decreased after the storage of samples at +5°С. Under conditions of negative temperatures (–18 and –80ºС) the mycelium length was decreased by 28% during the first days, and by 32% on the 14-th day of the incubation. The data obtained stipulate that the storage of samples under conditions of negative temperatures leads to the decrease of biomass and number of microorganisms within the soil. Therefore, it is not recommended to store soil samples under conditions of negative temperatures if it is planned to assess the structure of microbial biomass by the direct method of luminescent microscopy.
Keywords: biomass structure, bacteria, fungi, Cadophora novi-eboraci, luminescent microscopy, typical chernozem, storage of samples
Citation: Nikitin D. A., Chernov T. I., Tkhakakhova A. K., Semenov M. V., Bgazhba N. A., Zhelezova A. D., Marfenina O. E., Kutovaya O. V. The impact of low temperatures on the structure of the microbial biomass during the soil samples storage, Byulleten Pochvennogo instituta im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 2017, Vol. 89, pp. 36-53. doi: 10.19047/0136-1694-2017-89-36-53
REFERENCES
1. Vasilenko Ye.S., Kutovaya O.V., Tkhakakhova A.K., Martynov A.S. Changes in the intensity of soil-biological processes caused by different-sized aggregates of migrationary-mycelial chernozems, Byulleten Pochvennogo instituta im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 2014, V. 73, pp. е70-е81.
2. Golovchenko A.V., Dobrovolskaya N.G., Inisheva L.I. Structure and reserves of microbial biomass in oligotrophic peat bogs of the Southern taiga of Western Siberia, Pochvovedenie, 2002, No. 12, pp. 1468-1473.
3. Zhelezova A.D., Kutovaya O.V., Dmitrenko V.N., Tkhakhahova A.K., Khohlov S.F. Estimation of dna quantity in different groups of microorganisms within genetic horizons of the dark-gray soil, Byulleten Pochvennogo instituta im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 2015, V. 78, pp. е72-е81.
4. Zvyagintsev D.G. Methods of soil microbiology and biochemistry. Moscow: Izd-vo Mosk. University, 1991, pp. 302. (in Russian)
5. Ivanova E.A., Kutovaya O.V., Tkhakakhova A.K., Chernov T.I., Pershina E.V., Markina L.G., Andronov E.E., Kogut B.M. The Structure of Microbial Community in Aggregates of a Typical Chernozem Aggregates under Contrasting Variants of Its Agricultural Use, Eurasian Soil Science, 2015. V. 48 (11), pp. 1242-1256. doi: 10.1134/S1064229315110083
6. Kutovaya O.V., Grebennikov A.M., Cheverdin Yu.I., Markina L.G. Influence of duration of use of agrochernozems in agriculture on mesofauna and activity of microflora, Agrarian Russia, 2017, № 1, pp. 2-9. (in Russian)
7. Kutovaya O.V., Lebedeva M.P., Tkhakakhova A.K., Ivanova E.A., Andronov E.E. Metagenomic Characterization of Biodiversity in the Extremely Arid Desert Soils of Kazakhstan, Eurasian Soil Science, 2015, V. 48 (5), pp. 493-500. doi: 10.1134/S106422931505004X
8. Kutovaya O.V., Tkhakakhova A.K., Cheverdin Yu. I. Effects of surface flooding on biological properties ofmeadow-chernozems in Kamennaya steppe, Byulleten Pochvennogo instituta im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 2017, V. 82, pp. 56-71. doi: 10.19047/0136-1694-2016-82-56-70 (in Russian)
9. Lysak L.V., Lapygina E.V., Konova I.A., Zvyagintsev D.G. 'Population Density and Taxonomic Composition of Bacterial Nanoforms in Soils of Russia, Eurasian Soil Science, 2010, V. 43(7), pp. 765-770. doi: 10.1134/S1064229310070069
10. Marfenina O.E., Nikitin D.A., Ivanova A.E. The Structure of Fungal Biomass and Diversity of Cultivated Micromycetes in Antarctic Soils (Progress and Russkaya Stations), Eurasian Soil Science, 2016. V. 49(8), pp. 934-941. doi: 10.1134/S106422931608007X
11. Polyanskaya L.M., Geidebrecht V.V., Zvyagintsev D.G. Biomass of fungi in different types of soils, Pochvovedenie, 1995, No. 5, pp. 566-572. (in Russian)
12. Polyanskaya L.M., Gorbacheva M.A., Milanovskii E.Yu., Zvyagintsev D.G. Development of Microorganisms in the Chernozem Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions, Eurasian Soil Science, 2010. V. 43(3), pp. 328-332. doi: 10.1134/S1064229310030117
13. Polyanskaya L.M., Zvyagintsev D.G. The content and structure of microbial biomass as an indicator of the ecological state of soils, Pochvovedenie, 2005, No. 6, pp. 706-714. (in Russian)
14. Semenov M.V., Manucharova N.A., Stepanov A.L. Distribution of Metabolically Active Prokaryotes (Archaea and Bacteria) throughout the Profiles of Chernozem and Brown Semidesert Soil,'' Eurasian Soil Science, 2016. V. 49 (2), pp. 217-225. doi: 10.1134/S1064229316020101
15. Khitrov N.B., Gerasimova M.I., Bronnikova M.A., Zazovskaya E.P. Central Black Earth State Natural Biosphere Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhina, Guidebook of scientific excursions of the XII International Symposium and Field Seminar on Paleo-Soil Science, 2013, pp. 122. (in Russian)
16. Chernov T.I., Lebedeva M.P., Tkhakakhova A.K., Kutovaya O.V. Profile Analysis of Microbiomes in Soils of Solonetz Complex in the Caspian Lowland, Eurasian Soil Science, 2017. V. 50(1), pp. 64-69. doi: 10.1134/S1064229317010045
17. Ahmed M., Oades J.M., Ladd J.N. Determination of ATP in soil: effect of soil treatments, Soil Biol. Biochem. 1982. V. 14. P. 273–279. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(82)90037-2
18. Anderson J.P.E., Domsch K.H. Quantities of plant nutrients in the microbial biomass of selected soils, Soil Science. 1980. V. 130. P. 211–216.
19. Anderson T.H., Domsch K.H. Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils, Soil Biol. Biochem. 1989. V. 21. P. 471–479. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(89)90117-X
20. Bloem J., Bolhuis P.R., Veninga M.R., Wieringa J. Microscopic methods for counting bacteria and fungi in soil, Methods Appl. Soil Microbiol. Biochem. 1995. P. 162–173.
21. Christie P., Beattie J.A.M. Significance of sample size in measurement of size microbial biomass by the chloroform fumigation-incubation method, Soil Biol. Biochem. 1987. V. 19. P. 149–152. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(87)90074-5
22. Cui H., Wang C., Gu Z., Zhu H., Fu S., Yao Q. Evaluation of soil storage methods for soil microbial community using genetic and metabolic fingerprintings, Eur. J. Soil Biol. 2014. V.63. P. 55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2014.05.006
23. Eiland F. An improved method for determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in soil, Soil Biol. Biochem.1979. V. 11(3). P. l–35.
24. Henry H.A. Soil freeze–thaw cycle experiments: trends, methodological weaknesses and suggested improvements, Soil Biol. Biochem. 2007. V. 39(5). P. 977–986. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.11.017
25. Maggi O., Tosi S., Angelova M., Lagostina E., Fabbri A.A., Pecoraro L., Turchetti B. Adaptation of fungi, including yeasts, to cold environments, Plant Biosystems-An Int. J. Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biol. 2013. V. 147(1). P. 247–258. doi: 10.1080/11263504.2012.753135.
26. Panikov N.S. Subzero Activity of Cold-Adapted Yeasts. In Cold-adapted Yeasts. Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, 2014. P. 295–323.
27. Travadon R., Lawrence D.P., Rooney-Latham S., Gubler W.D., Wilcox W.F., Rolshausen P.E., Baumgartner K. Cadophora species associated with wood-decay of grapevine in North America, Fungal Biol. 2015. V. 119(1). P. 53–66.
28. West A.W., Sparling G.P. Modifications to the substrate-induced respiration method lo permit measurement of microbial biomass in soils of-differing water contents, J. Microbiol. Methods. 1986. V. 5. P. 177–189. doi: 10.1016/0167-7012(86)90012-6
29. Zelles L., Adrian P., Bai Q.Y., Stepper K., Adrian M.V., Fischer K., Maier A., Ziegler A. Microbial activity measured in soils stored under different temperature and humidity conditions, Soil Biol. Biochem. 1991. V. 23(10). P. 955–962. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(91)90176-K
30. Žifčáková L., Větrovský T., Howe A., Baldrian P. Microbial activity in forest soil reflects the changes in ecosystem properties between summer and winter, Environ. Microbiol. 2016. V. 18(1). P. 288–301. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13026
